Agra Fort - A Historical Treasure Beyond the Taj Mahal
A massive fortification that served as the residence and capital of the Mughal emperors
When I think of Agra, the first thing that comes to my mind is probably the Taj Mahal, the iconic monument of love. But did you know that Agra also has another UNESCO World Heritage Site that is equally impressive and rich in history? Agra Fort, also known as the Red Fort of Agra, is a massive fortification that served as the residence and capital of the Mughal emperors for more than a century. It is one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture, blending elements of Islamic, Persian, Hindu and Turkish styles. In this article, I will share some of the fascinating facts and features of Agra Fort that make it one of my must-visit destinations for any traveller.
“Agra Fort is a massive fortification that served as the residence and capital of the Mughal emperors for more than a century”
The Origins of Agra Fort
Agra Fort was originally a brick fort built by the Rajput kings in the 11th century. It was captured and rebuilt by the first Mughal emperor, Babur, in the 16th century. However, it was his grandson, Akbar, who transformed the fort into a majestic palace complex made of beautiful red sandstone. Akbar was a visionary ruler who expanded the Mughal empire and established Agra as his new capital. He commissioned the construction of Agra Fort in 1565, and it took eight years and 4,000 workers to complete it. The fort covers an area of 94 acres and is surrounded by a colossal 70-foot high wall that stretches for more than 2 kilometres. It has four gates, the most famous of which is the Delhi Gate, which faces the city of Delhi and was the main entrance for the royal family and guests.
“The fort covers an area of 94 acres and is surrounded by a colossal 70-foot high wall that stretches for more than 2 kilometres”
The Splendor of Agra Fort (What you need to see)
Agra Fort is not just a fort, but a city within a city. It contains several palaces, mosques, gardens, courtyards, halls and towers, each with its unique design and purpose. Some of the most notable structures inside the fort are:
The Jahangiri Mahal, the largest and most ornate palace in the fort, was built by Akbar for his favourite wife, Jodha Bai. It has a blend of Hindu and Islamic motifs and a beautiful courtyard with a fountain and a pool.
The Diwan-i-Aam, the Hall of Public Audience, where Akbar and his successors held court and met with officials and commoners. It has a large throne room with a marble platform and a red sandstone canopy.
The Diwan-i-Khas, the Hall of Private Audience, where the emperors received dignitaries and foreign ambassadors. It was also the place where Shah Jahan, Akbar’s grandson, displayed his famous Peacock Throne, which was adorned with precious stones, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond (yes, the same diamond on Queen Elizabeth’s Crown).
“The Diwan-i-Khas, the Hall of Private Audience, where the emperors received dignitaries and foreign ambassadors.”
The Sheesh Mahal, the Mirror Palace, is a luxurious chamber decorated with thousands of mirrors and glass pieces that reflect the light and create a dazzling effect. It was used as a royal dressing room and a bathhouse.
The Musamman Burj, the Octagonal Tower, where Shah Jahan spent his last years after being imprisoned by his son, Aurangzeb. It has a marble balcony that offers a stunning view of the Taj Mahal, which Shah Jahan built for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
The Legacy of Agra Fort
Agra Fort witnessed many important events and changes in the history of the Mughal Empire. It was the site of several battles, rebellions, coronations and assassinations. It was also the place where the Mughal culture and art flourished, as the emperors patronized poets, painters, musicians and architects. Agra Fort was also the inspiration for other forts and palaces built by the Mughals, such as the Red Fort in Delhi and the Lahore Fort in Pakistan. Agra Fort remained the seat of power until the Mughal empire declined in the 18th century, and the British took over the fort in 1803. Today, Agra Fort is a popular tourist attraction that attracts millions of visitors every year. It is also a living museum that showcases the glory and grandeur of the Mughal era.
“The Diwan-i-Aam, the Hall of Public Audience, where Akbar and his successors held court and met with officials and commoners”
How to Visit Agra Fort
Agra Fort is open daily from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. The entry fee is:
40 rupees for Indians and
550 rupees for foreigners.
You can also hire a guide or an audio guide to learn more about the history and architecture of the fort. Agra Fort is located about 2.5 kilometres from the Taj Mahal, and you can easily reach it by taxi, auto-rickshaw or bus (I recommend taxi as it is much easier and less hassle).
Agra Fort Travel Tips
If you are planning to visit Agra Fort, here are some tips to make your trip more enjoyable and hassle-free:
The best time to visit Agra Fort is early morning or at sunset when the crowds are less and the temperature is cooler, do carry a warm jumper or hoodie as the sandstone and marble do keep temperatures cool. You can also enjoy the view of the Taj Mahal from the fort in different light conditions.
If you are interested in learning more about the history and architecture of the fort, you can hire a knowledgeable guide or opt for an audio guide at the entrance. However, beware of the unofficial tour guides who will hassle you at the ticket counter and offer their services for a cheap price. They are not authorized by the authorities and may not be reliable or accurate. You can politely and sternly decline their offers and walk straight in. They will not follow you past the security check.
Carry sunscreen, a hat, sunglasses, and a water bottle to protect yourself from the sun and stay hydrated while exploring the fort. The fort is quite large and can take up to two hours to see everything.
Respect the heritage and culture of the fort by not touching or damaging any structures and following the rules and regulations set by the authorities. For example, photography is not allowed in some areas, such as the Sheesh Mahal and the Musamman Burj. You can also dress modestly and cover your shoulders and knees, especially if you plan to visit the mosques inside the fort.
Agra Fort is located near the Taj Mahal, and you can easily reach it by taxi, auto-rickshaw, or bus. However, be aware of the traffic congestion and pollution in Agra, and plan your travel time accordingly.
“The Jahangiri Mahal (behind us) is the largest and most ornate palace in the fort”
Summary
Agra Fort is a historical treasure that offers a glimpse into the Mughal Empire’s glory and culture. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that contains several palaces, mosques, gardens and halls, each with its unique design and purpose. It is also the place where Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal, spent his last years as a prisoner of his son. Agra Fort is a must-visit destination for anyone who loves history and architecture. It is located near the Taj Mahal, and you can easily reach it by taxi, auto-rickshaw or bus. You can also hire a guide or an audio guide to learn more about the history and architecture of the fort. Agra Fort is open daily from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., and the entry fee is 40 rupees for Indians and 550 rupees for foreigners.